Discovered in 1901, the cave has a high, narrow main gallery and several side passages. It contains about 230 engraved and painted figures, including 82 bison, horses, mammoths, reindeer, a woolly rhinoceros, and a wolf. Its most famous images are a leaping horse and a scene in which a male reindeer licks the forehead of a female.
The artists who created the figures at Font-de-Gaume extensively incorporated the cave’s natural relief, which give their paintings a three-dimensional quality. The animals were painted in shades of red, brown, and black, and were sometimes superimposed on earlier pictures, making it possible to discern a chronological sequence of artistic development. Most of the paintings probably date to the mid-Magdalenian Period of Paleolithic art (about 14,000 years ago), though some may be older.